Dr. Rajesh Kumar Yadav*1, Dr. Navav Singh2, Anita kaiva3, Dr. Gireesh Joshi4, Dr. Raj Kumar Meena5 and Dr. Manoj Sahu6
In emerging nations, poultry farming has emerged as a lucrative industry that outperforms all other animal ventures. For the majority of people on the planet, poultry is a decent source of animal protein. With 129.6 billion eggs produced worldwide, India ranks third in the world for egg production and fifth for broiler production. The transmission of illness is a serious problem in the production of poultry. Pathogens can travel quickly between farms and among birds. Compared to the other animals that have been covered thus far, poultry also need considerably more precise temperature management. This is done to provide the right environment for the embryonic development of chicks and to preserve the health of adult birds. The poultry industry must use contemporary and digital technology to generate more livestock products more quickly in response to the world’s expanding population. At the same time, it must address issues of animal welfare, environmental sustainability, and public health. Many contemporary technologies are used in the production of poultry, such as optoelectronic sensors, chiro-immunosensors, block chain technology, acoustic analysis, biometric and biological sensors, PLF sensing modules and platforms, infrared thermometers, smart phone apps with compatible sensors, and nanobcrystals (chiral zirconium quantum dots). All of the technologies together can help farmers increase productivity and reduce their negative environmental effect while also improving livestock and poultry production and helping them to make better use of their resources and land.
Keywords: Poultry Farming, Modern Technologies, block chain technology and GPS technology
Introduction
A rapidly expanding sector of the agricultural economy, chicken production supplies high-quality protein to ensure the food security of an expanding global population. In emerging nations, poultry farming has emerged as a lucrative industry that outperforms all other animal ventures. The poultry industry employs over 5.0 million people and makes up 1% of the country’s GDP. For the majority of people on the planet, poultry is a decent source of animal protein. With poultry making up over 30% of global meat output and pork making up 38%, poultry is the second most popular meat in the world (FAO, 2019). With 129.6 billion eggs produced worldwide, India ranks third in the world for egg production and fifth for broiler production.
Rajasthan is ranked eighteenth in the state with 14.6 million chickens. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) states that per capita consumption of meat and eggs should be 10.8 kg and 180 eggs annually, respectively, but per capita availability is only 7.10 kg and 101 eggs annually, respectively (Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics, 2023). This indicates a significant discrepancy between requirement and availability. All of the technology available to us can help farmers increase output by helping them to use their resources and land more efficiently and boost livestock and poultry production. These technologies have less of an adverse effect on the environment because of their use. The poultry industry makes use of a wide range of contemporary technologies, such as PLF sensing modules and platforms, chiro-immunosensors, acoustic analysis, block chain technology, voice activity detection algorithms, optoelectronic sensors, nanocrystals (chiral zirconium quantum dots), infrared thermometers, smartphone apps with compatible sensors, and biometric and biological sensors. The goal of every technology is to increase productivity in the poultry industry. By utilizing these technologies, farmers may increase output while reducing their negative environmental effects and making effective use of their resources and land.
Poultry production in digital technologies
The transmission of illness is a serious problem in the production of poultry. One significant method that sensors may offer vital information on the welfare of chickens is through acoustic analysis. Vocalizations from chickens can signal problems with development, sickness, feather pecking, social disruption, or thermal comfort. According to Ahmed et al. (2018), optoelectronic sensors have a high sensitivity for identifying adenovirus in poultry. In a similar vein, nanocrystals for hen coronavirus detection. Adenovirus, coronavirus, and avian influenza are among the diseases that may be detected with chiro-immunosensors (Ahmed et al., 2017).
Biometric and biological sensors: Farmers may assess the health and well-being of their chickens over time by using biometric sensors to track their physiological and behavioral characteristics. Temperature fluctuations, behavior, sound, and physiological parameters like pH, metabolic activity, infections, and the presence of poisons or antibiotics in the body may all be seen with the use of these sensors. The transmission of illness is a serious problem in the production of poultry. Pathogens can travel quickly between farms and among birds. Compared to the other animals that have been covered thus far, poultry also need considerably more precise temperature management. This is done to provide the right environment for the embryonic development of chicks as well as to keep adult birds healthy.
PLF sensing modules and platforms: the ability to keep an eye on temperature in animal habitats and notify farmers when necessary to take appropriate action. Temperature not only affects the development of chicken embryos but also serves as the main cause of heat stress in broiler chickens.
Infrared thermometers: Using infrared thermometers instead of implanted temperature loggers has allowed for more accurate monitoring of broiler body temperature (Bloch et al., 2020). Non-invasive cardiac rate monitors have been used to track the temperature throughout incubation and identify circulatory abnormalities in chicken embryos.
Smartphone apps with compatible sensors: Those have been developed for easy monitoring of embryo heart rate, which allows farmers to intervene as needed to prevent the loss of embryos during incubation.
Acoustic analysis: This is a significant way that sensors may offer crucial data on the welfare of chickens. Vocalizations from chickens can signal problems with development, sickness, feather pecking, social disruption, or thermal comfort. Recent studies have shown that monitoring chicken vocalizations with machine learning is a dependable method of non-invasively monitoring welfare and early warning sign detection. It is possible to track the amount of grain that hens and turkeys are getting by analyzing their pecking noises. The detection of sneezes can be used to track respiratory ailments.
Block chain technology: Block chain technology could be extremely useful in detecting and tracking of Avian influenza, and recent increases in salmonella outbreaks (Lin et al., 2018).
Voice activity detection algorithms: It has been demonstrated that those can distinguish between healthy and sickly chicks using the extraction of animal vocalizations from background noise (Mahdavian et al., 2020). The accuracy of detection was 72% for sick hens and 95% for healthy fowl, respectively, when it came to respiratory illnesses.
Optoelectronic sensors: It has been demonstrated that optoelectronic sensors with gold nano-bundles are extremely sensitive in identifying adenovirus in poultry—roughly 100 times more sensitive than traditional techniques (Ahmed et al., 2018). The development of ultrasensitive, dependable, and precise biosensors for practical uses is gaining momentum with the introduction of optoelectronic sensors, which respond to an electrical signal in proportion to the amount of light incident.
Nanocrystals (chiral zirconium quantum dots): They have been employed in biosensors to identify chicken coronavirus (Ahmed et al., 2018). The change in the fluorescence lifetime of nanocrystals due to energy coupling. Many research publications have focused on those optical alterations in nanohybrids since they are thought to be essential for technological advancement in the field of nano-optics.
Chiro-immuno-sensors: Chiral gold nano-hybrids are a promising technique that may be used to detect a variety of diseases, such as coronavirus, fowl adenovirus, and avian influenza (Ahmed et al., 2017). The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) surface proteins of the avian influenza virus A (H5N1) are the targets of this nanostructure’s chiro-immunosensor, demonstrating its usefulness.
Conclusions
Farmers handle customer concerns about big data, block chain technology, biometric and biological sensors, and increased output at the same time. Precision poultry farming technologies offer the potential to meet the growing demand for poultry products due to the expanding human population while simultaneously addressing consumer concerns about animal welfare, environmental sustainability, and public health. Biometric and biological sensors, big data, infrared thermometers, smart phone apps that integrate suitable sensors, audio analysis, and block chain technologies are among the most promising PLFs. With the use of sensors, farmers can gather data on animal welfare and health in real time, enabling them to take preventative measures and manage their herds in a safe and sustainable manner. Big data analytics transforms sensor data into insights and results that are useful and useful for farmers.
Block chain technology improves food safety and customer confidence by making chicken production more transparent and traceable. Generally speaking, data-processing technologies are less common than simple-to-use sensors and measurement tools, such as big data and integrated biological sensors. The usage of digital technology is also determined by the husbandry system. As demonstrated by innovations in digitalization solutions for chicken farming, social and economic transformations leading to a digitally inclusive and healthy society require public participation and involvement through co-creation of technology development and validation.