Introduction: Heat stress is one of the most critical environmental challenges affecting modern poultry production, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Heat stress occurs when the bird’s heat production exceeds…

Heat stress in poultry extends beyond an environmental challenge, characterised as a  complex physiological disruption involving metabolic imbalance, oxidative stress, and organ dysfunction. While external cooling strategies help alleviate thermal…

Introduction Synthetic amino acids are critical components of modern poultry feed formulation. They enable nutritionists to formulate diets with reduced crude protein while maintaining ideal amino acid ratios for optimal…

INTRODUCTION In the context of poultry production, commercial avian species face heightened susceptibility to heat stress due to physiological characteristics and environmental factors associated with their intensive growth and production…