Flavonoids: Everything the plants have that you want.

Science is a systematic and logical study into how the universe works. Science is an ever-changing subject. Science is also defined as the systematic observation, experiment, and measurement of the nature and behaviour of the material and physical universe, as well as the formulation of laws to represent these facts in general terms. Science is one of humankind’s blessings. It has had a significant part in enhancing the standard of living of mankind. In every aspect of our lives, science is omnipresent and omnipotent… Well said science for a better life Poultry maximum output has a great attraction with science e.g., term feed formula, farm management, medicine uses and to use as a food.

Know Values of Poultry Industries

The Potential in the sector is due to a combination of factors – growth in per capita income, a growing urban population and falling real poultry prices. In India, poultry sector growth is being driven by rising incomes and a rapidly expanding middle class, together with the emergence of vertically integrated poultry producers that have reduced consumer prices by lowering production and marketing costs. Integrated production, the market transition from live birds to chilled and frozen products, and policies that ensure supplies of competitively priced corn and soybeans are keys to future poultry industry growth in India. There are several small poultry dressing plants in the country. These plants are producing dressed chickens. These plants also manufacture egg powder and frozen egg yolk for export. The country has exported 1275234.90 MT of Poultry products to the world for the worth of Rs. 1530.20 Crores/ 184.58 USD Millions during the year 2023-23. (Source: DGCIS)

Flavonoids

flavonoids comprise the most isolated, identified and diversified class of polyphenolic compounds. Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolites that are responsible for the flower’s color and fragrance. Flavonoids are attributed to a wide range of health promoting properties and are an integral part of many pharmaceutical nutraceuticals and medicinal and cosmetic formulations. They possess various pharmacological actions like antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic potentials. Flavonoids interact with several signal t r a n s d u c t i o n p a t h w a y s i n t h e p r o c e s s o f carcinogenesis, thereby reducing proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis and increasing apoptosis . To date, more than 6000 different flavonoids have been identified in plants and the list is continuously increasing. They consist of a common diphenyl propane carbon skeleton along with two benzene rings A and B linked through the linear three-carbon chain (C6–C3–C6). Closed pyran ring C is formed by this central carbon chain. Variation of heterocycle involved, flavonoids may be classified into subclasses like flavones, flavanones, flavanols, flavonols (catechins and proanthocyanidins), anthocyanidins and isoflavonoids. This classification depends on the existence or nonexistence of a double bond on the position 4 of the C ring and a double bond between C2 and C3 and the hydroxyl groups in the ring B.  

Flavone

Flavone is a class of less common flavonoids consisting of a double bond between C2 and C3 in the heterocyclic ring of the flavan skeleton. A few of the important sources of flavones are celery and parsley. The skin of mandarin fruit also contains a large amount of polymethoxylated flavones.

Flavones

One of the flavonoids, flavones, are with a nonsaturated 3-C chain and a double bond between C-2 and C-3, similar to flavonols, with which they vary in the lack of 3-position of the hydroxyl group. Flavones are commonly dispersed in the form of aglycones or glycosides among the higher plants Chrysin, a flavone found in multiple vegetables, fruits and mushrooms, has been suggested as a neurotrophic for nervous cells, anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic. In addition, it also reduces the signs of DSS-induced colitis

Flavanones

Flavanones are usually glycosylated compounds with the disaccharide at C7 position and consisting of saturation between C2 and C3 and the presence of oxygen atom at the C4 position. Along with tomatoes and aromatic plants like mint, these compounds are abundantly present in citrus fruits. The aglycone flavanones naringenin, hesperetin and eriodictyol are present in grapefruit, oranges and lemons, respectively . Compared to the glass of orange juice, whole citrus fruit contains five times more flavanone content as it is mostly accumulated in the spongy white portion and the segment separating the membranes of these fruits.

Flavonols

Flavonol is the most diverse class of flavonoids present in a food which is represented by a double bond between C2 and C2 with C3 position linked with a hydroxyl group. The representative compound from this class is quercetin. Flavonols are abundantly present in broccoli, onions, leeks and blueberries along with red wine and tea. It was observed that flavonol concentration differs among fruits or between different sides of the same fruit grown on the same tree. This type of effect was evident as the biosynthesis of flavonols is stimulated by sunlight. Probably due to sameness, flavonols are accumulated

Conclusion

Polyphenols are naturally occurring secondary metabolites which is one of the most established categories of bioactive compounds. They constitute a broad repository of natural chemical diversity that includes a vast array of phytochemicals and enzymes. In poultry, various scientific studies on consumable foods rich with these compounds revealed their potential health outcomes in the aerial and outer tissue of the fruits.flavonoids maintain redox balance in poultry health.